Secret services warn against loss of control in urban centers. Scientists and militars develop strategies
Who visits the Brazilian Sao Paolo, or the Sudafrican metropolis of Cape Town, is on the hat. Currently parts of these cities do not enter themselves locally, if they do not have to. the "Favelas", "Barrios" or "Township" are in the hands of criminal bands that have eliminated the state monopoly monopoly. The fact that these developments must be attentively observed in the industrialized north believes Ernst Uhrlau, the boss of the Federal Court of First Instance (BND). At a meeting of his foreign intelligence service (warning of megasted and failed states)) he warned of uncontrollable past November "Megastadt".
These spraying metropolises "Mount the potential for at least regional instability", Forecast the BND boss. A faurspresser found watchlau in Ulrich snail from the government-related foundation for science and politics. At the Berlin intelligence agency, in addition to uncontrollable megastades, he referred to the so-called "Failed States", So failed states, in which new forms of war-related clashes trained. There is a mixture of regular war, organized crime and systematic human rights violations. So far, no answer was found on these disturbing phenomena. Experience in Iraq, for example, have shown that the jerk handle on private safety faults also had uncontrollable risks. Watchmen of the US Paramilitar company Blackwater had totated 17 civilians in Iraq last September (Persily note for Blackwater?To).
"NO-GO-AREAS" also in the north
Be it in one "failed city" or in one "failed state" — The phanomena are equal. Through the jerking of the state competence on the power centers becomes local and at national level "Borderland" leave their own destiny. In Latin America and Africa, this weakness of the state is often a consequence of colonialism: the government power could not be held sufficiently sufficient there to extend the state order to the entire territory. Unlike in Europe, the construction of a comprehensive statehood was not in the interest of the elites. They secured their habitat and economic enterprises and remain the rest "of their" States themselves.
In the developed north, however, the problem is homemade. Shortly before the Fubball World Championship 2006 in Germany threw the debate (strain-resistant instead of raising) "NO-GO-AREAS" In this country a noisy on this problem. Suddenly the circumstance in the media interested that foreigners can not move safely in certain areas of the republic. Also there, the state has lost its violence monopoly. The fact that particularly the situation in the east of the Republic was debated was no coincidence. In the new federal tags, after 1989, the large deindustrialization took place in the post-war history. The state has nothing more socially, economically, politically and culturally not to offer in wide areas of the East. Equal to the criminal gangs in the "Failed States" of global Suden’s stobers in this self-caused vacuum in East Germany right-wing extremist groups.
Another example can be found in France. In the suburbs of the coarse town there is hardly any more a strip polemist dared. Also from the maBlich of immigrant families "Banlieus" Has the state longed for a long time from his responsibility. Interesting is now the reaction to the preliminary perspective immigrant youth: as thousands of adolescent cars in 2005 (France and the state of emergency) and the striving bays provided with the police, the safety faith with special units against the rioters went to the crisis: the crisis was almost militarically reacted to the crisis. That seems to be womohlich now (new dynamics for the problem quarters)
The jerking of the state order is also observed in Europe on a super international level. According to the decay of Yugoslavia forced among others from Germany, wide parts of the former state of states are de facto without sovereign control. Krassest Example is the Sudserbian province of Kosovo, which has developed — even under Agide of the UN — to a turnover court for human, drugs and arms trade in Europe. The current debate for a continued military occupation of the province illustrates a phanomena, which was to be observed in the French suburbs two years ago: The permanent crisis is not reacted with sustainable solutions, but after the military hit-and-run principle.
From the centers of State Order, short-term missions are taken to the periphery in order to master the problems surprising there. Such an application completed the Brazilian army when she joined the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo last year to provide an open war with the local drug bands over several weeks. In Colombia, Militaric Stobrupps out to reduce guerrilla units of oil plants. And in France, special units of the police prage in the Banlieus to bring back to.
The role of "Embedded Scientists"
This new policy of power centers is flanked not only by militar and intelligence services, but also from science. With support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) a year ago, a so-called special research area became the topic "Governance in areas limited statehood: new forms of governance" built up. The SFB 700 is the nationwide area in this field. More than 50 scientists are involved by the Free University of Berlin, the Universitat Potsdam, the Science Center Berlin, the Foundation Science and Politics, the Hertie School of Governance and the European University Institute Florence. For the two-year support and government project, 6.5 million euros were granted. Next to Ulrich Schneckener, who also participated in the Berlin conference with the BND, the project is headed by the Berlin Politologist Christoph Zurcher.
From the next between scientific and non-political interests, the responsible person is not a secret. One of the first research projects dealt with the question of whether "External actors contribute to the emergence of a lifelike Afghan state" can. With the question, the Berlin republic is also concerned, just at HinduKusch, up to 3500 Bundeswehr soldiers are stationed. Of the "SFB 700" Therefore, cooperate with the Federal Government, says Zurcher, "because we are interested in the same questions". In cooperation with the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), a broad survey of the population in Afghanistan was carried out on the infrastructure programs of the occupation forces. The cooperation was fertile for both sides, the research director in Febraur 2007 at the beginning of the project said:
Thanks to the support of the BMZ, we can carry out our field research despite difficult conditions and receive access to important data. On the other hand, the BMZ is interested in our results.
Christoph Zurcher, head of the "SFB 700"
Exciting is like this "Embedded Science" the (explained by the West) "Failed States" Her state sovereignty. Failed states in which "External actors" — For example, in the form of military crew — permanently prasent, with the classic sovereign nation state had much mean, says Zurcher:
Such states can not maintain legitimate monopoly, and their burgers no longer protect against internal and external threats, they can no longer enforce political goals and they are no longer able to take care of people a certain MAB maternity, infrastructure, health, education and to guarantee social security.
Christoph Zurcher, head of the "SFB 700"
Even if the "Special Research Center 700" Only at the beginning of his work is, a danger is not to be denied. It is the danger that scientific actors in cooperation with State and Militar lay the legitimate foundation for a new military radiation policy. Unlike the classic concept of catching development, these no longer aims at the connection of the market and development states market to the industrialized north. It just attempts to guarantee the stability in the peripherals so far that they can remain integrated into the global market, so can be integrated economic interests.
And there is the parallel to the debate about mega-cities and regional "NO-GO-AREAS": As long as Algerian teenagers meet each other in French suburbs or make neo-Nazis in East Germany hunting for foreigners, this will hardly have any consequences of media. The state reacts only when economic interests are impaired. So if cars burn, or if the billion business is threatened during a Fubball World Championship. —